Duplex Treatment

The combination of a thermochemical plasma nitriding process with the following deposition of
a voestalpine eifeler PVD coating in a non-interrupted vacuum system process we call duplex
treatment.

Select datasheet above for PDF version.

The surface hardness of the tool
material is definitively increased,
which contributes considerably
to the increase in performance of
the PVD coating.

Therefore we developed a nitriding
process, suitable for this procedure
and applied it on our alpha 400 and
alpha 900 coating systems, where
it is performed before the coating
process. Basically all coating and
nitriding-capable steel materials
are suited for this process.

Tools are an application emphasis
for which this procedure currently is selected regularly and successfully for the forming of high
strength sheet materials. VARIANTIC or TiCN is often utilized in this manner.

Tools are an application emphasis
for which this procedure currently is selected regularly and successfully for the forming of high
strength sheet materials. VARIANTIC or TiCN is often utilized in this manner.

Ideal structure of a hardness gradient from the tough-hard tool core, through a higher
supporting hardness in the interface, extending to the extremely hard and wear
resistant tool surface.

A considerably increased support effect therefore results for the extremely hard and
brittle ceramic wear protection layer.

The absorbing ability for pressure loads increases significantly!

Plasma Nitriding .002"-.004" case depth +4-6 Micron PVD
layers of Variantic coating (TiAlCN)

Duplex - Crosal
Duplex - CrN
Duplex - Dumatic
Duplex - Tigral
Duplex - Variantic

Plasma Nitriding .002"-.004" case depth +3-5 Micron PVD
layers of Tigral coating (TiAlCrN)

Plasma Nitriding .002"-.004" case depth +3-5 Micron PVD
layers of Dumatic coating (TiCN)

Plasma Nitriding .002"-.004" case depth +1-6 Micron PVD
layers of Chromium Nitride (CrN)

Plasma Nitriding .002"-.004" case depth +2-5 Micron PVD
layers of Crosal coating (AlCrN)

The combination of a thermochemical plasma nitriding process with the following deposition of
a voestalpine eifeler PVD coating in a non-interrupted vacuum system process we call duplex
treatment.

Select datasheet above for PDF version.

The surface hardness of the tool
material is definitively increased,
which contributes considerably
to the increase in performance of
the PVD coating.

Therefore we developed a nitriding
process, suitable for this procedure
and applied it on our alpha 400 and
alpha 900 coating systems, where
it is performed before the coating
process. Basically all coating and
nitriding-capable steel materials
are suited for this process.

Tools are an application emphasis
for which this procedure currently is selected regularly and successfully for the forming of high
strength sheet materials. VARIANTIC or TiCN is often utilized in this manner.

Tools are an application emphasis
for which this procedure currently is selected regularly and successfully for the forming of high
strength sheet materials. VARIANTIC or TiCN is often utilized in this manner.

Ideal structure of a hardness gradient from the tough-hard tool core, through a higher
supporting hardness in the interface, extending to the extremely hard and wear
resistant tool surface.

A considerably increased support effect therefore results for the extremely hard and
brittle ceramic wear protection layer.

The absorbing ability for pressure loads increases significantly!

Plasma Nitriding .002"-.004" case depth +4-6 Micron PVD
layers of Variantic coating (TiAlCN)

Duplex - Crosal
Duplex - CrN
Duplex - Dumatic
Duplex - Tigral
Duplex - Variantic

Plasma Nitriding .002"-.004" case depth +3-5 Micron PVD
layers of Tigral coating (TiAlCrN)

Plasma Nitriding .002"-.004" case depth +3-5 Micron PVD
layers of Dumatic coating (TiCN)

Plasma Nitriding .002"-.004" case depth +1-6 Micron PVD
layers of Chromium Nitride (CrN)

Plasma Nitriding .002"-.004" case depth +2-5 Micron PVD
layers of Crosal coating (AlCrN)

The new coating system is an advanced development of our well-established CROSAL® coating.
As a result of optimized process parameters and a tailor-made coating microstructure this
versatile high-performance coating covers all key requirements:

CROSAL®-plus is perfectly suited for challenging applications within the fields of dry cutting,
punching and forming.

Hardness

3200 ± 300 HV
1100 °C / 2012 °F
0.45
2-5 µm
slate-grey

Coating thickness

Color:

Max. temperature
of operation

Coeff. of friction
against steel

Select datasheet above for PDF version.

CROSAL®-plus is especially suited for the following applications:

The new coating system is an advanced development of our well-established CROSAL® coating.
As a result of optimized process parameters and a tailor-made coating microstructure this
versatile high-performance coating covers all key requirements:

CROSAL®-plus is perfectly suited for challenging applications within the fields of dry cutting,
punching and forming.

Hardness

3200 ± 300 HV
1100 °C / 2012 °F
0.45
2-5 µm
slate-grey

Coating thickness

Color:

Max. temperature
of operation

Coeff. of friction
against steel

Select datasheet above for PDF version.

CROSAL®-plus is especially suited for the following applications:

The chrome-nitride coating is characterized by the following properties:

Milling, turning, grinding and cutting-tools for the processing of non-ferrous metals, particularly
Ti and Cu alloys

Drawing, stamping, pressing and deformation tools for the processing of non-ferrous metals,
especially Ti and Cu alloys

(Duplex) coating of cores and form-giving active segments for the reduction of wear

Tools which are subject to corrosive and abrasive wear, e.g. through aggressive and hard filling
materials.

The relatively high hardness, in combination with a low level of brittleness allows the coating of
thicker layers with good adhesion. This means an additional wear reserve for many applications.
In areas where corrosion resistance is also required, as well as abrasion resistance, the CrN
coating represents the ideal solution.

The application of the CrN layers is implemented by means of PVD technology. This allows the
deposition of the layer on tool steels, HSS, cemented carbides or many other materials with
temperatures up to 450° C.

Material:
Micro-hardness HV 0. 05:

Chrome nitride, chrome carbo-nitride, CrN, CrCN
2000 ± 200, 2300 ± 200
0.3 – 0.4; 0.2 – 0.3
1 - 6
600° C / 1100° F
Silver-grey
Low stress levels, high level of adhesion, high corrosion resistance

Maxiimum application
temperature

Color:
General characteristic

Machining of copper and other non-ferrous metal, metal forming,
plastic moulding (improved demolding), aluminum and
magnesium die casting

Coefficient of friction
against 100Cr6 steel:

Layer thickness [µm] :

Preferred applications:

Select datasheet above for PDF version.

The chrome-nitride coating is characterized by the following properties:

Milling, turning, grinding and cutting-tools for the processing of non-ferrous metals, particularly
Ti and Cu alloys

Drawing, stamping, pressing and deformation tools for the processing of non-ferrous metals,
especially Ti and Cu alloys

(Duplex) coating of cores and form-giving active segments for the reduction of wear

Tools which are subject to corrosive and abrasive wear, e.g. through aggressive and hard filling
materials.

The relatively high hardness, in combination with a low level of brittleness allows the coating of
thicker layers with good adhesion. This means an additional wear reserve for many applications.
In areas where corrosion resistance is also required, as well as abrasion resistance, the CrN
coating represents the ideal solution.

The application of the CrN layers is implemented by means of PVD technology. This allows the
deposition of the layer on tool steels, HSS, cemented carbides or many other materials with
temperatures up to 450° C.

Material:
Micro-hardness HV 0. 05:

Chrome nitride, chrome carbo-nitride, CrN, CrCN
2000 ± 200, 2300 ± 200
0.3 – 0.4; 0.2 – 0.3
1 - 6
600° C / 1100° F
Silver-grey
Low stress levels, high level of adhesion, high corrosion resistance

Maxiimum application
temperature

Color:
General characteristic

Machining of copper and other non-ferrous metal, metal forming,
plastic moulding (improved demolding), aluminum and
magnesium die casting

Coefficient of friction
against 100Cr6 steel:

Layer thickness [µm] :

Preferred applications:

Select datasheet above for PDF version.

This layer combines the advantages
of Duplex-TiCN and FORMATIC®.
The new DUMATIC layer is always
manufactured as a Duplex version,
therefore with a plasma diffusion
process of the base material. The
layer itself has a structured multi-layer
design with high content of TiC
(approx. 4000 HV! ). The uppermost
layer is developed as slide-favorable
and colored sealing coat.:

Drawing, stamping, pressing and forming tools for the processing of high-alloy chrome/nickel
materials and similar requirements. Due to the high hardness, especially suitable for cold forming
and the cutting of high-strength plates and for cold forging processes with high surface pressure

Hardness

3200 ± 500 HV
400 °C / 750 °F
0.25
4-8 µm
roan

Coating thickness

Color:

Max. temperature
of operation

Coeff. of friction
against steel

Select datasheet above for PDF version.

The DUMATIC layer indicates a very low tendency to cold welding with high-alloy stainless steel
qualities.

As a result of the relatively low oxidation stability, DUMATIC is not suitable for higher contact
temperatures, as are capable of occurring e.g. with semi-warm forming technology.

The DUMATIC coating produced using the PVD process at approximately 450 °C
is deposited without any tool distortion

Polished surfaces are thereby not roughened

The DUMATIC coating displays a very low tendency for cold welding with high alloy
stainless steel qualities

Due to its relatively low oxidation resistance, DUMATIC is not suitable for higher contact
temperatures which can occur with semi-hot forming processes, for example

This layer combines the advantages
of Duplex-TiCN and FORMATIC®.
The new DUMATIC layer is always
manufactured as a Duplex version,
therefore with a plasma diffusion
process of the base material. The
layer itself has a structured multi-layer
design with high content of TiC
(approx. 4000 HV! ). The uppermost
layer is developed as slide-favorable
and colored sealing coat.:

Drawing, stamping, pressing and forming tools for the processing of high-alloy chrome/nickel
materials and similar requirements. Due to the high hardness, especially suitable for cold forming
and the cutting of high-strength plates and for cold forging processes with high surface pressure

Hardness

3200 ± 500 HV
400 °C / 750 °F
0.25
4-8 µm
roan

Coating thickness

Color:

Max. temperature
of operation

Coeff. of friction
against steel

Select datasheet above for PDF version.

The DUMATIC layer indicates a very low tendency to cold welding with high-alloy stainless steel
qualities.

As a result of the relatively low oxidation stability, DUMATIC is not suitable for higher contact
temperatures, as are capable of occurring e.g. with semi-warm forming technology.

The DUMATIC coating produced using the PVD process at approximately 450 °C
is deposited without any tool distortion

Polished surfaces are thereby not roughened

The DUMATIC coating displays a very low tendency for cold welding with high alloy
stainless steel qualities

Due to its relatively low oxidation resistance, DUMATIC is not suitable for higher contact
temperatures which can occur with semi-hot forming processes, for example

This layer on the basis of AlCrTiN ischaracterized by its high warm hardness, its oxidation
stability and its abrasion resistance. These properties can beattributed to a nano-structure
that minimizes crack propagation especially in case of shear loading within the coating.

In case of warm forming of sheets or solid material, TIGRAL distinguishes itself particularly.
Here the excellent warm hardness, as well as the oxidation stability comes to the fore, however,
also the increased resistance with respect to the propagation of microcracks in the layer which
often represents a significant failure criterion in case of such applications. Also in the area of the
cold forming of sheets TIGRAL coatings indicated their suitability: High abrasion resistance with
low tendency to cold welding with steel.

Select datasheet above for PDF version.

Layer Thickness:

Hardness:

Maximum application
temperature:

Color:

Coeff. of friction against
steel:

Also with dry machining, the special properties of TIGRAL have proved themselves. In case of
interrupted cutting, the range to higher contact temperatures between chip and rake face can
be opened through this coating. However, also with reaming in particular of medium-alloy and
higher-alloy steels, is the TIGRAL coating very usefully usable.

Increased Tool Life
Lower Tool Maintenance
Reduced Down Time
Higher Productivity
Improved Part Quality

5-9 µm

0.60

900°C / 1.652°F

3300 ± 300 HV

Dark-gray

This layer on the basis of AlCrTiN ischaracterized by its high warm hardness, its oxidation
stability and its abrasion resistance. These properties can beattributed to a nano-structure
that minimizes crack propagation especially in case of shear loading within the coating.

In case of warm forming of sheets or solid material, TIGRAL distinguishes itself particularly.
Here the excellent warm hardness, as well as the oxidation stability comes to the fore, however,
also the increased resistance with respect to the propagation of microcracks in the layer which
often represents a significant failure criterion in case of such applications. Also in the area of the
cold forming of sheets TIGRAL coatings indicated their suitability: High abrasion resistance with
low tendency to cold welding with steel.

Select datasheet above for PDF version.

Layer Thickness:

Hardness:

Maximum application
temperature:

Color:

Coeff. of friction against
steel:

Also with dry machining, the special properties of TIGRAL have proved themselves. In case of
interrupted cutting, the range to higher contact temperatures between chip and rake face can
be opened through this coating. However, also with reaming in particular of medium-alloy and
higher-alloy steels, is the TIGRAL coating very usefully usable.

Increased Tool Life
Lower Tool Maintenance
Reduced Down Time
Higher Productivity
Improved Part Quality

5-9 µm

0.60

900°C / 1.652°F

3300 ± 300 HV

Dark-gray

For a large range of cemented carbides, Cermet and HSS tools; All
steel grades in case of dry, semi-dry (MMS) as well as wet
machining conditions; Excellent for the drilling of steel; drawing,
stamping, pressing and forming tools for the machining of
high-alloy and low-alloy steels

Select datasheet above for PDF version.

Coefficient of friction
against steel 100 Cr6:

Layer thickness [µm]:

Maximum application
temperature:

Color:
General characteristic:

Material:
Microhardness HV 0.05:

Cutting:
Milling, turning, drilling and cutting for the processing of high-alloy and low-alloy steels with
high feeds and cutting speeds; very well suited for HSS endmills in the area of steel machining.

Titanium-aluminum carbon nitride, TiAlCN (multi-layers)
3500 ± 500
0.2
4-8
800° C / 1470° F
Altrosa
Low friction, high oxidation resistance

Preferred applications:

The old-pink colored VARIANTIC layer,
abbrev. TiAlCN, represents a worthwhile
alternative to the TiCN pure coating.

The deposition of the VARIANTIC layers is performed by means of PVD technology. This allows
the deposition of the coatings on tool steels, HSS, cemented carbides or many other materials
with temperatures less than 450° C.

It indicates the following properties:

High oxidation resistance

Low friction

Forming:
Drawing, stamping, pressing and forming tools for the machining of high-alloy and low-alloy
steels and e.g. stainless steel sheets.

For a large range of cemented carbides, Cermet and HSS tools; All
steel grades in case of dry, semi-dry (MMS) as well as wet
machining conditions; Excellent for the drilling of steel; drawing,
stamping, pressing and forming tools for the machining of
high-alloy and low-alloy steels

Select datasheet above for PDF version.

Coefficient of friction
against steel 100 Cr6:

Layer thickness [µm]:

Maximum application
temperature:

Color:
General characteristic:

Material:
Microhardness HV 0.05:

Cutting:
Milling, turning, drilling and cutting for the processing of high-alloy and low-alloy steels with
high feeds and cutting speeds; very well suited for HSS endmills in the area of steel machining.

Titanium-aluminum carbon nitride, TiAlCN (multi-layers)
3500 ± 500
0.2
4-8
800° C / 1470° F
Altrosa
Low friction, high oxidation resistance

Preferred applications:

The old-pink colored VARIANTIC layer,
abbrev. TiAlCN, represents a worthwhile
alternative to the TiCN pure coating.

The deposition of the VARIANTIC layers is performed by means of PVD technology. This allows
the deposition of the coatings on tool steels, HSS, cemented carbides or many other materials
with temperatures less than 450° C.

It indicates the following properties:

High oxidation resistance

Low friction

Forming:
Drawing, stamping, pressing and forming tools for the machining of high-alloy and low-alloy
steels and e.g. stainless steel sheets.